Pick on topic from my uploaded resources Assignment

Pick on topic from my uploaded resources - Assignment Example Economists determine recession with the help of some conventional Macroeconomic indicators like Investment Spending, employment, business profits, capacity utilization, household income and inflation. If the general level of all these macroeconomic indicators is falling, then the economy is most likely to encounter recession. It is pertinent to mention here that as the level of these indicators fall, the level of unemployment and bankruptcies rise on the other hand. The two most important factors that have significant importance on levels of recession are Unemployment and Inflation. In the time of 1930s, when our world encountered Great Depression, most economies of the modern world like Germany were facing hyperinflation. Inflation exceeding the boundaries of Galloping Inflation can make the economy go down thousand times faster .Moreover, inflation accompanying unemployment causes the economy to collapse completely. Recession can be controlled by implementing different policies and by triggering different factors. Countries usually try to overcome recession by announcing sound and stringent Fiscal and Monetary policies. Interest Rates are raised and unemployment is eradicated with the help of different schemes and policies. We know that the global oil market is a complete oligopoly being run by a few powerful oil exporting countries and consortiums. The oligopoly of oil Market is very strong because of the fact that the International demand for oil barrels is relatively inelastic. Due to this reason, leading oil exporting countries have taken the market completely and are running the market according to their own terms and conditions. This type of competition in the global oil market has made the prices inflexible. With the fact that the prices of many other things are dependent on the rates of oil which is being obtained from the global oil market, therefore, oil being a complementary good controls the pricing

Arguments for Vitro Human Embryo Research

Arguments for Vitro Human Embryo Research Mallory Marschall The 14-Day Rule Scientific advancement is accelerating, but current laws and regulations fail to keep up with its progress. This problem leads to several ethical and legal dilemmas in various fields of biology. This problem is especially prominent in embryology. Laboratories focusing on in vitro fertilization have been growing embryos and then implanting them on the seventh day (Hyun et. al 169). Due to recent advances, research labs are currently able to grow embryos in vitro up to 14 days (Hyun et. al 169). Current policies and laws around the world are preventing scientist from continuing their work past 14 days. The Ethics Advisory Board of the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare first proposed this rule in 1979. The 14-day rule is a regulatory line that limits in vitro human embryo research (Hyun et. al 170). This regulation prevents labs from allowing the embryo to survive and keep growing after 14 days. The line is drawn at 14 days because it stops growth before the prim itive streak appears. In other words, it marks the beginning of gastrulation in humans (Reardon 19). The 14-day rule is a strictly enforced law in Canada, Spain, United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, Slovenia, Iceland, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. In other countries, such as the United States, China, Japan, and India it is not a law but is enforced specifically in all scientific guidelines. Switzerland maintains a strict law that only allows human-embryos to be cultured for 7 days (Hyun et. al 171). The 14-day rule has been used internationally, but due to recent advancements there is now a debate over changing this rule. To solve this current problem, it is important to consider the pros and cons of changing the regulation. There are several benefits of not only continuing in vitro human embryo research but extending the time frame past 14 days. Embryology research has led to new information and advancement in various areas of science. These recent advancements have allowed scientist to understand new aspects of early human development some of which have never been seen before (Reardon 15). This new information is important because it could allow doctors to understand why some pregnancies fail during the early stages of pregnancy (Reardon 15). For example, a recent study has discovered and identified special cells that show up in the embryo around day 10 but disappears by day 12 these cells could lead to new advancements (Reardon 16). This developmental step in embryos was previously unknown. The importance of the research conducted using the 14-day rule can be observed in the new research which is consistently being published. Therefore, even more information could be gathered by extending the time fra me past 14 days. Gaining more knowledge regarding the development of humans could greatly benefit couples who have difficulty conceiving. Another benefit from understanding human embryo development is that it would allow more research in developing human embryonic stem cell-based therapies (Niakan et. al 28). These cells have been used to study hematopoietic tissue for the treatment of various blood disorders and cardiogenic precursors for the treatment of heart and vascular disease (Niakan et. al 28). By continuing in vitro research more advancements could be made toward the treatment or cure of several diseases. The fertility industry could greatly benefit from extending the number of days allowed to grow an embryo in vitro past 14 days. A recent study in a IVF clinic in New York City showed that half of the embryos that are implanted in a mothers uterus doesnt survive (Reardon 16). By continuing to grow embryos in vitro scientist could learn the reason behind this problem and prevent future losses of implanted embryos. Future assisted reproductive technologies could be greatly advanced through the understanding of early human embryo development (Niakan et. al 1). A current argument suggests that studying the development of in vitro human embryos is unnecessary. These groups propose using mouse embryos for in vitro studies instead of human embryos (Reardon 16). Unfortunately, there are several species-specific differences such as the timing of a major wave of genome activation, the patterns of gene expression, the frequency of chromosome missegregation and the patterns of epigenetic modifica tions which make the data collect from mouse embryos less applicable to human studies (Niakan et. al 1). To create and improve new fertility treatments the 14-day rule needs the be evaluated to make room for progress. As stated above, there are several benefits for the allowing in vitro human embryo research to continue. It is critical to understand there are several disadvantages to allowing the current regulation to change. The first issue with extending the time frame of in vitro embryo research is deciding what the next time frame limit should be. There is a moral issue in deciding a new time frame. An important argument to consider is growing an embryo for an extended period could cause the embryo undue distress. Other groups are against embryo research because they believe life starts at the moment of conception, therefore vitro embryo research should be stopped completely. No matter what is decided in the future the most important factor to ensure the success of the future law is to guarantee that the new policy has a clear and legally enforced stopping point for research (Hyun et. al 170). Due to advancements in the embryology field it is now possible to grow an embryo in a laboratory for more than 14 days. The ethical and legal issue of whether to allow scientist to grow an embryo after 14 days needs to be carefully considered. As progress is made laws and regulations need to match. There are several different beliefs regarding this issue and each need to be heard and considered. There are two extreme groups believe that embryo research should be stopped completely or that the research shouldnt have a limit. A larger portion of the science community maintain the idea that committees from around the world should meet and discuss the rule and create a new limits and regulations. The extremely successful 14-day rule was created in a similar manner and the new law should be created using the same method. It is crucial that during these international meeting that all the member reflect on the restriction and the pros and cons of any new regulations (Hyun et. al, 170). The most efficient method to solve this current dilemma is to create open discussion with scientific communities from around the world instead of leaving the decision to an individual government or committee. Work Cited Harper, Joyce C et al. Current Issues in Medically Assisted Reproduction and Genetics in Europe: Research, Clinical Practice, Ethics, Legal Issues and Policy. European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. European journal of human geneticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¯: EJHG 21 Suppl 2.Suppl 2 (2013): S1-21. Web. 23 Jan. 2017. Hyun, Insoo, Amy Wilkerson, and Josephine Johnston. Embryology Policy: Revisit the 14-Day Rule. Nature 533.7602 (2016): 169-171. Web. 22 Jan. 2017. Niakan, Kathy K et al. Human Pre-Implantation Embryo Development. Development (Cambridge, England) 139.5 (2012): 829-41. Web. 23 Jan. 2017. Reardon, Sara. Human Embryos Grown in Lab for Longer than Ever before. Nature 533.7601 (2016): 15-16. Web. 26 Jan. 2017.

An Analysis of Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening Essay -- Stopping

An Analysis of Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening  Ã‚   The images in the poem â€Å"Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening† by Robert Frost are very vivid. . The man telling the story is telling events as they happened in his own eyes. His descriptive language allows you to picture the events in your own head, as if you were watching them occur. Frost structures this poem very interestingly. He uses inverted sentences, which are common in poems because of the way they seem to flow, the atmosphere they create, and also for the purpose of rhyming. An interesting rhyme scheme is used here. The first, second, and last lines of every stanza rhyme, but the third does not. However, that third line does rhyme with the first, second, and fourth lines in the next stanza. I believe that Frost ...

Caged Birds Without a Song

Written within the nineteenth century, both Susan Glaspell’s Trifles and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, use symbolism within the play to illustrate how different the roles were between men and women during this time. Reputation and public appearance were viewed as intrinsic forms of value within nineteenth century marriages, as though they were solely the backbone of the marriage’s success. Women were viewed as subordinates, mere extensions of their husbands, creating a strong theme of male dominance that echoes equally throughout both plays. Incidentally, in direct correlation to their false presumptions and patronizing mannerisms toward women, in the end, the men are ultimately responsible for their own fall. In Trifles, the concerns of women are considered to be mere trifles, unimportant or of any value to society, which men are ultimately controlling. The play opens at the Wrights’ home a day after Minnie Wright either did or did not killed her husband. The sheriff, Mr. Peters and his wife, the county attorney, and Mr. Hale with his wife have arrived at Wrights’ the home to find evidence proving Minnie’s guilt or innocence, while she’s being held in prison for the murder. Then men repeatedly comment on the unkempt conditions of the Wrights’ home, particularly the kitchen, implying Mrs. Wright must have been unstable because a home is such disarray is outside their perception what a women’s role entails. It’s during this scene Mrs. Peters calls attention to the exploded jars of fruit preserves, understanding the hard work involved in canning preserves, and Mrs. Wright’s concern that the cold weather would cause her jars of fruit to freeze and burst. â€Å"She worried about that when it turned so cold. She said the fire’d go out and her jars would break† (Glaspell 322). The Sheriff’s response is, â€Å"Well can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves† (Glaspell 322). The men view her concern as trivial and unimportant in comparison to the trouble Mrs. Wright is facing. In A Doll’s House, Nora, the protagonist, like other women during this time, was considered property of her husband, Torvald. Women were not allowed to own any type of property or borrow money without the co-signature of a man. Nora’s role as a woman was to take care of the children and make sure everything was perfect within the household. Torvald treats Nora like a small silly girl and believes his wife only focuses on trivial matters. He views her as his prize and at no point does he see her as an individual to be considered equal in their marriage. He continuously coddles her and implies she is a secondary element within their marriage. He calls her his â€Å"squirrel† and â€Å"little lark† in a seemingly affectionate manner, yet the implications of these pet names are somewhat derogatory and imply her abilities are simply to scamper about carefree. He lectures Nora on how to spend their money wisely because to him she does not possess an intricate understanding of business principles. In the weeks leading to Christmas, Nora spent her evenings alone working. Torvald assumes that his wife is using the time spent during these busy nights making trivial family Christmas ornaments and other holidays treats. In reality, Nora is working on side jobs she has acquired for money to repay a loan she illegally acquired during a time Torvald was critically ill. She spends eight years of his or her marriage together trying to keep this scandal secret and repay the loan entirely before anyone had the chance to find out. She knowingly plays into Torvald’s patronizing mannerisms because she knows that he is more concerned with how their marriage looks in public than actually understanding the implications of her actions. Viewing the women as extensions of themselves, in Trifles the men express no desire to see the world through Minnie Wright’s or the other two women’s’ point of view. At first, both Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale seemed apprehensive about Minnie’s guilt and which side of the law to be on. It is only after Mr. Hale’s comment, â€Å"Well, women are used to worrying over trifles†, that you feel the women start to draw together in unity. (Glaspell 322). His words imply that women are lacking the common sense and mental focus to pay attention to the important things at the same time suggesting that the men should expect such a character flaw as status quo because they are only women and therefore deal everyday in small, unimportant details. The men venture off in search of evidence proving the guilt of Minnie Wright while the two women are left alone in the kitchen to gather some of the personal items she has requested. As the two women engage in conversation, they begin to reminisce about the woman who they once referred to as â€Å"friend. † A short time into this task they discovering an empty, damaged birdcage. Unsure of the cage’s purpose the women begin hypothesizing why it would be in the Wrights’ home. During their discussion Mrs. Hale states, â€Å"She—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself—real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and –fluttery. How—she—did—change† (Glaspell 328). Upon further investigation the women find the bird, a canary, wrapped in a piece of silk tucked away in Minnie’s sewing box; it was dead, someone had wrung its neck. Again thinking of Minnie, Mrs. Hale states, â€Å"No, Wright wouldn’t like the bird—a thing that sang. She used to sing. He killed that, too† (Glaspell 329). Of course, the canary is what ultimately proves Minnie Wright’s guilt, but because the women are able to acknowledge what makes this discovery so significant, they empathize with Minnie, and without ever voicing their decision to do so, they never tell the men. The concept that women are viewed as an extension of their husbands is also seen in A Doll’s House, when Torvald learns of Nora’s deception and illegal loan. He says to her, â€Å"Oh, what an awful awakening! In all these eight years—she who was my pride and joy—a hypocrite, a liar—worse, worse—a criminal! How infinitely disgusting it all is! The shame! I should have suspected something of the kind. I should have known†¦. all your father’s flimsy values have come out in you. No religion, no morals, no sense of duty—Oh, how I’m punished for letting him off! I did it for your sake, and you repay me like this† (Ibsen 245). Torvald continues this rant as he attempts to sort out what actions he should take next, â€Å"This thing has got to be hushed up at any cost. And as for you and me, it’s got to seem like everything between us is just as it was—to the outside world, that is. You’ll go right on living in this house, of course. But you can’t be allowed to bring up the children; I don’t dare trust you with them†¦ from now on happiness doesn’t matter; all that matters is saving the bits and pieces, the appearance† (Ibsen 246). He is so consumed with himself and how the implications of Nora’s actions affect him that he is completely blind to the fact she now understands how he truly views her, incapable. It is this defining moment in which Nora boldly states, â€Å"When your big fright was over—and it wasn’t from any threat against me, only for what might damage ou—when all the danger was past, for you it just as if nothing had happened. I was exactly the same, your little lark, your doll, that you’d have to handle with double care now that I’m turned out so brittle and frail. Torvald—in an instant it dawned on me that for eight years I’ve been living here with a s tranger, and that I’d even conceived three children—oh, I can’t stand the thought of it! I could tear myself to bits† (Ibsen 252). Nora then decides she will no longer carry on this martial masquerade and leaves Torvald for good. As stated above, in both Susan Glaspell’s Trifles and Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House, the men are ultimately responsible for their own fall in the end. The men maintain their view of women being subordinates and they are often dismissive regarding anything involving even the general realm of women. Each play uses symbolism within the context to illustrate just how different the roles of men and women were during this time and how reputation and public appearance were viewed as intrinsic forms of value within nineteenth century marriages.

Mary

Mary, What a day so far! It started off with Kathy calling at 6 a.m.   She is a real mess. Kathy wants to come home. She hates it there and wants out. She realizes that she needs to take care of Joe, but she is falling apart. Then, at 11 a.m., I get a call that Dawn needs fluids and her immune system is worse than I thought. I am thankful that the bleeding stopped. Next, I asked to talk to Dawn. She was crying and falling apart.   She asked if she just can go live in her house. That way she could give you and Don your home back. She is very concerned that she is causing too much stress on your relationship with Don. Kathy is miserable and so is Dawn. Dawn doesn`t want to make anyone’s life unhappy, but I can`t let her live on her own yet. She would die if left alone. I doubt she would make it through a week. I’m not sure what to do.   She has asked me not to ask you to do anything extra. I can`t do that either.     I don`t want her suffering additional pain because you need to remove the fluids. You must do the therapy three times a week so she can stay dry. Being wet right now will only cause infections. Please play the game as well.   I really do feel this can help her brain get stronger. You will also need to check on her every hour or hour and a half to be certain to treat fevers and chills when she is sleeping. I have tried to ask you for as little as possible with Dawn’s care these days because I understand the problems between you and Don. Dawn tries to pull her weight around the house, with cleaning, cooking, and taking good care of you, but she feels she is not doing enough.   She is ery concerned about the stress she is causing for you and Don. However, I told Dawn the husband-wife thing is not her problem to figure out. As adults, we need to figure that out, not the kids. The kids are the sick ones, yet we sometime make them feel really badly even when that is not what we are trying to do. For example, when Kathy and I were in Madison, we both wanted to take care of Joe, but we also complained about the small amount of time we spent together. Yes, we couldn`t sleep together, but I made no effort to spend time with Kathy before her bed time and she didn`t make any effort to spend time with me.   So, what I am trying to say here is that we have to make time to spend with our spouses. No, we can’t be together every night, but some nights we can go and get our spouses and spend that time together before bedtime. I have had time to think about this and I was just as much at fault as Kathy was for us not spending time together. My advice is that you learn from my mistakes. Some night, at 10 p.m., go get Don and spend some time together while Dawn watches her soaps. Just do like Kathy does, keep going to bed on time. Yes, it not the same as sleeping together, but it the time together that counts while taking care of this sick kid of ours. Trying do this two or three times a week. I’m not sure how else to help you guys out. I could watch Dawn during spring break, but I think you told me that you already bought tickets. I am not sure what to do to help you guys. Everyone seems very miserable. Please tell me what I can do. I don`t want Dawn stopping treatment in an effort to give you your life back. Dawn has been seriously talking about this for awhile now. She believes that if she dies, you will have the money to go someplace and make up for lost time. Mary, I’m sure you understand that Dawn cannot continue thinking like this. Dr. Smith